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Livermorium is element 116, a superheavy element belonging to group 16 of the periodic table. All of its isotopes are radioactive, it does not occur naturally, and is synthesized artificially in particle accelerators. It was first synthesized in 2000 through a joint research effort between the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States. It was named after the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, which collaborated in its discovery. Due to the extremely small number of atoms produced and its short half-life, Livermorium is not used in daily life or industry. It is primarily used to study the nuclear structure and radioactive decay of superheavy elements. Chemically, it is expected to exhibit properties related to other group 16 elements like oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. However, its very high atomic number means relativistic effects significantly influence its electron configuration and chemical properties. Therefore, research suggests it may possess stronger metallic character and different reactivity compared to typical group 16 elements.

Moscovium is an element with atomic number 115, belonging to Group 15 in the periodic table, and is a superheavy element. All of its isotopes are radioactive, it does not exist in nature, and is artificially synthesized in particle accelerators. It was first synthesized in 2003 through a joint research project between the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States. It was named in honor of Moscow Oblast, Russia, where the research institutions are located. Moscovium is not utilized in daily life or industry due to the extremely small number of atoms produced and its short half-life. It is primarily used to study the nuclear structure and radioactive decay of superheavy elements. Chemically, it is expected to exhibit properties related to other Group 15 elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. However, due to its very large atomic number, relativistic effects significantly influence its electron configuration and chemical properties. Therefore, research is also being conducted into the possibility that it may display somewhat different reactivity compared to typical Group 15 elements.

Flerovium is an element with atomic number 114, belonging to Group 14 in the periodic table, and is a superheavy element. All of its isotopes are radioactive, it does not exist in nature, and is artificially synthesized in particle accelerators. It was first synthesized in 1998 through a joint research project between the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States. It was named after Georgy Flyorov, who made significant contributions to nuclear physics research. Due to the extremely small number of atoms produced and its short half-life, Flerovium is not used in daily life or industry, and is mainly used to study the nuclear structure and radioactive decay of superheavy elements. Chemically, it is expected to have properties related to other Group 14 elements like carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead, but due to strong relativistic effects, it may exhibit different characteristics from typical Group 14 elements. In particular, research suggests that some electron shells may be stabilized, leading to lower reactivity than expected. Flerovium is an important subject for studying the island of stability for superheavy elements.

Nihonium is element 113 on the periodic table, belonging to Group 13 as a superheavy element. All of its isotopes are radioactive, it does not exist in nature, and is synthesized artificially in particle accelerators. It was first synthesized in 2004 by researchers at Japan's RIKEN institute by colliding bismuth atomic nuclei with zinc atomic nuclei, signifying the first element recognized by an Asian research institution as its discoverer. Its name originates from 'Nihon,' meaning Japan. Nihonium is not utilized in daily life or industry due to the extremely small number of atoms produced and its short half-life; it is primarily used to study the nuclear structure and radioactive decay of superheavy elements. Chemically, it is expected to exhibit properties similar to other Group 13 elements like boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium, but as a very heavy element, relativistic effects could significantly influence its electron configuration and chemical behavior. Research on nihonium provides crucial information for expanding the periodic table and exploring the limits of superheavy element stability.

Copernicium (Cn) is a superheavy element with atomic number 112, belonging to group 12 of the periodic table. All of its isotopes are radioactive, and it does not occur naturally, being synthesized artificially in particle accelerators. It was first synthesized in 1996 by researchers at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany, and was named in honor of Nicolaus Copernicus, the Polish astronomer who developed the heliocentric model. Because extremely small amounts of Copernicium are produced and most isotopes decay within a short time, it is not used in daily life or industry. It is primarily used to study the nuclear structure and radioactive decay of superheavy elements. Chemically, it is expected to exhibit properties related to zinc, cadmium, and mercury, which are also in group 12. However, its very high atomic number means that relativistic effects significantly influence electron movement and configuration. Therefore, research on Copernicium provides crucial information for understanding how periodic table trends change in the superheavy element region and for comprehending the stability of very heavy atomic nuclei.

Roentgenium is an element with atomic number 111, belonging to group 11 of the periodic table and is a superheavy element. All of its isotopes are radioactive, it does not exist in nature, and is synthesized artificially in particle accelerators. It was first synthesized in 1994 by researchers at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany, and was named in honor of the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, who discovered X-rays. Roentgenium is not used in daily life or industry due to the extremely small number of atoms produced and its short half-life; it is mainly used to study the nuclear structure and radioactive decay of superheavy elements. Chemically, it is expected to exhibit properties similar to copper, silver, and gold in the same group 11, but its actual chemical properties have not yet been sufficiently confirmed. Due to its very large atomic number, the speed of electron movement increases, leading to significant relativistic effects that are expected to influence its electron configuration and chemical properties.

Darmstadtium is element 110 on the periodic table, belonging to group 10 as a superheavy element. All of its isotopes are radioactive, it does not occur naturally, and is synthesized artificially in particle accelerators. It was first synthesized in 1994 by researchers at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany, through an experiment colliding nickel nuclei with lead nuclei, and was named after the city where it was discovered. Because extremely few atoms are produced and most isotopes decay very quickly, Darmstadtium is not used in daily life or industry. It is primarily used to study the nuclear structure and radioactive decay of superheavy elements, and the stability of very heavy atomic nuclei. Chemically, it is expected to exhibit properties similar to nickel, palladium, and platinum in the same group (group 10), but actual chemical experiments are very limited. As the atomic number increases, relativistic effects significantly influence electron motion and configuration, thus research on Darmstadtium provides crucial information for understanding how periodic table trends change in the realm of superheavy elements.

Meitnerium is an element with atomic number 109, belonging to group 9 of the periodic table and is a superheavy element. All of its isotopes are radioactive, it does not exist in nature, and is synthesized artificially in particle accelerators. It was first synthesized in 1982 by researchers at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany, and was named in honor of the Austrian physicist Lise Meitner, who made significant contributions to the study of nuclear fission and radioactivity. Meitnerium is not used in daily life or industry due to the extremely small number of atoms produced and its short half-life; it is primarily used to study the nuclear structure and radioactive decay of superheavy elements. Chemically, it is expected to exhibit properties similar to cobalt, rhodium, and iridium in the same group 9, but actual chemical experiments are very limited. Due to its very large atomic number, relativistic effects are expected to be significant in electron motion, allowing for the study of periodic table trends and nuclear stability in the superheavy element region.

Hassium is an element with atomic number 108, belonging to group 8 of the periodic table as a superheavy element. All of its isotopes are radioactive, it does not occur naturally, and is synthesized artificially in particle accelerators. It was first synthesized in 1984 by researchers at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany, and its name originates from Hassia, the Latin name for the German state of Hesse. Due to the extremely small amounts produced and its short half-life, Hassium is not used in daily life or industry, but is mainly used to study the nuclear structure and chemical properties of superheavy elements. Chemically, it is expected to exhibit similar properties to iron, ruthenium, and osmium, which are also in group 8. In actual experiments, Hassium was confirmed to react with oxygen to form a volatile oxide, showing chemical properties similar to osmium. As it is a very heavy element, relativistic effects are significant in the motion of its electrons. Studying this allows us to verify how well the rules of the periodic table hold in regions with very large atomic numbers.

Bohrium is an element with atomic number 107, belonging to Group 7 of the periodic table, and is a superheavy element. All of its isotopes are radioactive, and it does not exist in nature, being synthesized artificially in particle accelerators. It was first synthesized in 1981 at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany, and was named in honor of Niels Bohr, a Danish physicist who made significant contributions to the study of atomic structure and quantum mechanics. Bohrium is not utilized in daily life or industry due to the extremely small number of atoms produced and its short half-life; it is primarily used to study the nuclear structure and radioactive decay of superheavy elements. Chemically, it is expected to exhibit properties similar to manganese, technetium, and rhenium, which are also in Group 7. Limited experiments have studied its characteristic of forming volatile oxides and compounds containing oxygen. In elements with very large atomic numbers like Bohrium, relativistic effects significantly appear in electron motion due to the strong electric field of the atomic nucleus. Such research provides crucial information for understanding the chemical properties of superheavy elements and the limits of the periodic table.