비포유류 도감

Crickets (蟀, Cricket) refer to species belonging to the superfamily Grylloidea, within the suborder Ensifera of the order Orthoptera. Although they belong to the order Orthoptera, they cannot jump very high with their hind legs, and their ovipositor is uniquely long. They are omnivorous, feeding on plants and carcasses. Females have an ovipositor, while males do not and produce sound by rubbing their wings. They are born in spring, grow in summer, mate and lay eggs in autumn, and die in winter. Their chirping fills the summer and autumn nights, and is used in treating elderly depression. The superfamily Grylloidea is divided into: Crickets (e.g., Far Eastern Cricket, King Cricket), Eneopterinae (e.g., Tree Crickets), Myrmecophilidae (e.g., Ant Crickets), Oecanthidae (e.g., Bush Crickets, Snowy Tree Crickets), and Gryllotalpidae (e.g., Mole Crickets). Over 30 species have been recorded in South Korea.

Katydids (螽, Katydid) refer to species belonging to the superfamily Tettigonioidea, within the suborder Ensifera of the order Orthoptera. They resemble grasshoppers but have longer antennae and hind legs. Females possess a long ovipositor, and males can produce sound by rubbing their wings together. Most are omnivorous, feeding on insects like grasshoppers, cicadas, and cockroaches, as well as smaller creatures such as praying mantises, frogs, lizards, and even other katydids if they are smaller. They grow rapidly upon hatching in spring, mate and lay eggs in summer, and die in autumn. Interestingly, in summer, young praying mantises are eaten by katydids, while in autumn, older katydids become prey for praying mantises. The family Tettigoniidae is divided into: Tettigoniinae (Katydid, Long-winged Katydid, Brown Katydid, etc.), Phaneropterinae (Bush Cricket, Mountain Bush Cricket, etc.), Meconematinae (Leaf Cricket, Striped Leaf Cricket, etc.), Conocephalinae (Conehead Katydid, etc.), Oecanthinae (Tree Cricket, etc.) and Nemobiinae (Ground Cricket, etc.). Over 30 species have been recorded in South Korea.

Grasshoppers (蝗, Grasshopper) refer to species belonging to the suborder Caelifera within the order Orthoptera, class Insecta, phylum Arthropoda. Their heads are inverse right-angled triangles when viewed from the side, and their wings are straight. The hind legs have thick femora and thin tibiae with spines. They are primarily herbivorous, feeding on grass. Although they have wings, they usually hop and move using their hind legs. When encountering predators, they defend themselves by kicking with their hind legs or escape by flying. They are born in spring, grow in summer, mate and lay eggs in autumn, and die in winter. In the past, grasshoppers were eaten roasted, and they are also emerging as a future food source. Over 90 species have been recorded in South Korea, with common examples including the rice grasshopper, black-backed grasshopper, Oedipoda chinensis, Oxya yezoensis, Locusta migratoria, Sinopodisma yamaura, Conocephalus chinensis, and Atractomorpha lata. Among these, the rice grasshopper, once commonly seen everywhere, has become rare due to pesticide use.

Mantis (螳螂, Mantis) refers to species belonging to the order Mantodea in the class Insecta, phylum Arthropoda. They have a triangular head and a stick-shaped thorax. There is a pair of forelegs on the upper chest, which are sickle-shaped. If the abdomen has 6 segments, it's a female, and if it has 8 segments, it's a male. They hide in grass and snatch prey with their forelegs when it passes by, eating it alive. They prey not only on insects like grasshoppers, dragonflies, and cicadas, but also on small vertebrates such as frogs and lizards if they are smaller than themselves. They are born in spring, grow in summer, mate and lay eggs in autumn. Females sometimes eat the males during mating to supplement their nutritional deficiencies. Males can hardly escape during mating due to the female's pheromones. No matter how much they try to escape, all mantises die in winter and hatch from eggs in spring. In South Korea, 8 species have been recorded, with the common mantis, Chinese praying mantis, broad-shouldered mantis, small mantis, and oriental praying mantis being the most representative.

Insects (昆蟲, Insect) are a class of animals belonging to the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, within the domain Eukaryota. They represent a massive group, accounting for two-thirds of all known animal species. Their bodies are divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen. The head features mouthparts and mandibles at the front, compound eyes on either side, simple eyes (ocelli) on the forehead, and a pair of antennae. The thorax has three pairs of legs underneath and two pairs of wings on the back. Respiration occurs through spiracles located along the sides of the abdomen. The class Insecta is divided into the subclass Apterygota, which have a single pair of mandibular appendages, and the subclass Pterygota, which have two pairs. Pterygota is further divided into the wingless subclass Apterygota and the winged subclass Pterygota. The winged subclass is then divided into the Palaeoptera, which can only move their wings up and down, and the Neoptera, which can move their wings backward as well. Neoptera is further divided into the Exopterygota and the Endopterygota, which undergo a pupal stage. Insects inhabit diverse ecosystems across the globe, excluding the oceans. Approximately 20,000 species are known in South Korea, with new species discovered annually.