History of Wars Summary 2 - Hundred Years' War Part 3: The Battle of Poitiers and the Capture of the French King

After the Battle of Crécy, the Black Death spread across Europe, temporarily dampening military activities in both nations. However, the issues of territory and the throne remained unresolved, and the war resumed. In 1350, Philip VI died, and John II became the King of France. In 1356, Edward the Black Prince of England launched a large-scale campaign in southwestern France. John II led the French army to pursue them, and the two armies clashed at Poitiers. Although the English army was outnumbered, they utilized the defensively advantageous terrain to repel the French attacks. French knights repeatedly charged but failed to break through the English longbowmen and defensive formations. Ultimately, the French army suffered a major defeat, and even John II was captured. The king being taken prisoner by an enemy nation was a tremendous political shock to France. Afterward, France had to deal with a massive ransom and territorial issues. The Treaty of Brétigny was signed in 1360, granting England significant territories within France and setting the terms for John II's release. However, the issue of royal succession itself remained unresolved.