History of Wars Summary 18 - Roman Dacian Wars 10 Rome's Largest Territory and the Dacian Wars

The Roman-Dacian Wars were a conflict where Trajan significantly expanded the empire's northern border and incorporated the Kingdom of Dacia into a Roman province. In the First War (101-102 AD), Rome forced Decebalus to surrender but couldn't completely eliminate Dacia's independence. When Decebalus rebuilt his military strength, Trajan launched a second expedition in 105 AD and conquered Dacia by capturing Sarmizegetusa in 106 AD. Rome built roads, forts, and cities in the region, stationed legions, and secured gold and silver. The conquest of Dacia greatly enlarged the Roman Empire's territory and enhanced Trajan's authority. The war's events are detailed in the reliefs on Trajan's Column, showcasing contemporary weapons, battles, and military marches. However, defending the expanded borders required substantial troops, and threats from surrounding tribes persisted. Eventually, amidst the Crisis of the Third Century, Emperor Aurelian withdrew from Dacia. Nevertheless, the Latin language and institutions spread during Roman rule left significant traces on the region's subsequent history and culture.