History of Wars Summary 19 - Roman-Persian Wars 7: Justinian and Khosrow I

The Roman-Persian Wars during Emperor Justinian's reign were central to the Eastern policy of the 6th century. After 527, both empires clashed in the Caucasus and Mesopotamia, leading to a temporary peace treaty in 532. However, the war reignited in 540 when Khosrow I of the Sasanian Empire invaded Syria. The Sasanian forces captured and plundered Antioch, prompting Rome to invest heavily in its defense. The conflict subsequently continued for an extended period, primarily focused on the Caucasus and Mesopotamia. Justinian had to manage multiple fronts simultaneously, utilizing Belisarius and other generals. Finally, a peace treaty was signed in 562, bringing a truce between Rome and the Sasanian Dynasty. Rome secured peace on its borders by paying a significant annual sum. However, this agreement was not a permanent solution. Both empires remained wary of each other, and the balance of power in Armenia and the Caucasus continuously strained their relationship.