The Origin of Curses 6) - (2) Foreign Countries (Western and Other Civilizations)

- Ancient Greece (around 800 B.C. onwards) - Very explicit curses appear in the comedic works of the ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes and in contemporary graffiti. - Main Content - 1️⃣ Used to insult opponents or attack political rivals by directly using words related to body parts, obscene acts, or excrement. - Ancient Rome (1st Century B.C. ~ 1st Century A.D.) - This period has the most vivid and abundant records of curses in foreign history. They can be confirmed in wall writings (graffiti) buried by the volcanic ash of Pompeii and in literary works by poets such as Catullus and Martial. 1️⃣ Graffiti from the Pompeii ruins Explicit curses, including sexual slurs and words related to excrement, such as "○○ is a thief who steals frost from other people's fields," were inscribed on building walls. 2️⃣ Linguistic Origins A significant portion of the representative curses used in the English-speaking world today are derived from sexual and excretory taboos in Roman-era Latin.